Objective To explore the status of children neglect among urban preschoolers of Tongling area,and to investigate the influence factors of neglected preschoolers. Method A total of 1 650 children in nurseries who were sampled randomly from urban of Tongling area in stratified and cluster sampled were investigated by a self-designed demographic questionnaire and "Evaluation Questionnaire of Neglect Children Aged 3~6 years in China". Results The total neglect rate,neglect degree and neglect score of urban preschoolers were 35.5%,58.35 and 159.29 respectively.Neglected children were dominated by a single type(51.9) and were relatively small by more than 4 subscales(14.6%).The main factors affected the children neglect were family atmosphere,impulsiveness and irritability of the mother,the mother's education,whether being only one child,the child's primary caregiver,the average monthly household income of nearly a year and so on. Conclusion The status of child neglect among urban preschoolers in Tongling city is serious,and social and families should pay more attention to this issue.