关键词: 大学生, 超重肥胖, 血压偏高, 共病, 生活方式

Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity, elevated blood pressure, and comorbidities among college students in Inner Mongolia in 2021, and to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors on disease occurrence, so as to provide scientific evidence for chronic disease prevention and control in local universities. Methods From October to November 2021,physical examination data were collected from college students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and questionnaires were used to understand their lifestyles. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze body weight, blood pressure, and comorbidity conditions, and χ² tests were used to compare differences across genders and grades. Correlation analysis and univariate Logistic regression were used to identify the main lifestyle factors affecting overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, and comorbidities. The distribution of these lifestyles among students was then statistically analyzed, and multivariate Logistic regression models were applied to precisely calculate the impact of each factor on the risk of disease after adjusting for gender, grade, and school factors. Results A total of 2 337 students were surveyed, with 25.9% (605/2 337) having elevated normal blood pressure, 8.3% (195/2 337) having high blood pressure, 13.7% (319/2 337) being obese, and 8.0% (186/2 337) having comorbidities. Male students had significantly higher detection rates for obesity (22.4% vs. 9.9%), high blood pressure (18.3% vs. 4.0%), and comorbidities (17.1% vs. 4.0%) compared to female students (χ²=89.60, 218.93, 116.40, P<0.001). Senior students had a higher proportion of elevated blood pressure than junior students (χ²=6.45, P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in overweight/obesity and comorbidities across grades (P>0.05). In terms of school type, the reported rates of overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, and comorbidities were higher in vocational colleges than in undergraduate institutions (χ² =24.10, 14.30, 4.94,P<0.05). Among lifestyle factors, male students tended to exercise more but had poorer habits overall compared to female students, and there were no significant differences in lifestyle habits across grades(P>0.05). Students in vocational colleges reported less adequate sleep but more exercise and lower rates of binge drinking compared to students in undergraduate institutions. Adequate sleep and regular exercise were protective factors against overweight/obesity and high blood pressure (adequate sleep: OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48 - 0.94, P=0.019; regular exercise: OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.40 - 0.97, P=0.042). Smoking and alcohol consumption were risk factors for comorbidities (smoking: OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.03 - 2.42, P=0.033; alcohol consumption: OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.46, P=0.033). Conclusions Adequate sleep and regular weekly exercise are protective factors against overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, and comorbidities, while smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors. It is recommend that universities adjust the lights-out time to ensure students get adequate sleep, strengthen health education to discourage smoking and alcohol consumption, and organize campus sports activities to improve students' enthusiasm in participating in physical exercise, so as to promote overall health and well-being.

Key words: college students, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, comorbidities, lifestyle