目的 了解2021年我国内蒙古大学生中肥胖、血压偏高及其共病的发病情况,并分析生活方式因素对疾病发生的影响,为当地高校慢性病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2021年10—11月,通过体格检查收集内蒙古自治区大学生的体格数据,并结合问卷调查了解其生活方式。采用描述性统计方法分析学生的体重、血压和共病情况,并利用χ2检验比较其在不同性别、年级间的差异。通过相关性分析和单因素Logistic回归,筛选出影响超重肥胖、血压偏高及共病的主要生活方式因素,进而统计这些生活方式在学生中的分布情况,并应用多因素Logistic回归模型,调整性别、年级、学校等因素,精确计算各因素对患病风险的影响。结果 共调查2 337名学生,发现正常高值血压者占比25.9%(605/2 337),血压偏高者占比8.3%(195/2 337),肥胖者占比13.7%(319/2 337),共病患者占比8.0%(186/2 337)。男生肥胖(22.4% vs. 9.9%)、血压偏高(18.3% vs. 4.0%)及其共病(17.1% vs. 4.0%)的检出率显著高于女生(χ2 =89.60、218.93、116.40,P＜0.001)。高年级学生血压偏高的比例高于低年级(χ2=6.45,P＜0.05),而超重肥胖和共病在不同年级间的分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。在学校类型上,专科院校学生的超重肥胖、血压偏高和共病报告率均高于本科院校(χ2=24.10、14.30、4.94,P＜0.05)。在这些方式中,男生除运动更充分外,其他生活习惯均差于女生,各年级大学生在生活习惯上的差异不显著,而在学校中,专科学校学生不如本科院校学生睡眠充足,但是专科学校中学生运动更加充分,且短时间内大量饮酒的报告率较低。充足睡眠、充分运动是超重肥胖与血压偏高共病发生的保护因素(充足睡眠:OR=0.67, 95%CI:0.48~0.94, P=0.019; 充分运动:OR=0.63, 95%CI:0.40~0.97, P=0.042);吸烟和饮酒是共病发生的危险因素(吸烟>1支/d:OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.03~2.42,P=0.033;1个月内有酗酒行为:OR=1.60,95%CI:1.02~2.46, P=0.033)。结论 睡眠充足是超重肥胖、血压偏高及共病的保护因素,而吸烟和饮酒则是危险因素。建议高校调整熄灯时间,保障学生充足的睡眠;加强健康教育,积极劝阻学生的吸烟和饮酒行为;并组织开展校园体育活动,提高学生参与体育锻炼的积极性,以促进身心健康。
Abstract
Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity, elevated blood pressure, and comorbidities among college students in Inner Mongolia in 2021, and to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors on disease occurrence, so as to provide scientific evidence for chronic disease prevention and control in local universities. Methods From October to November 2021,physical examination data were collected from college students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and questionnaires were used to understand their lifestyles. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze body weight, blood pressure, and comorbidity conditions, and χ2 tests were used to compare differences across genders and grades. Correlation analysis and univariate Logistic regression were used to identify the main lifestyle factors affecting overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, and comorbidities. The distribution of these lifestyles among students was then statistically analyzed, and multivariate Logistic regression models were applied to precisely calculate the impact of each factor on the risk of disease after adjusting for gender, grade, and school factors. Results A total of 2 337 students were surveyed, with 25.9% (605/2 337) having elevated normal blood pressure, 8.3% (195/2 337) having high blood pressure, 13.7% (319/2 337) being obese, and 8.0% (186/2 337) having comorbidities. Male students had significantly higher detection rates for obesity (22.4% vs. 9.9%), high blood pressure (18.3% vs. 4.0%), and comorbidities (17.1% vs. 4.0%) compared to female students (χ2=89.60, 218.93, 116.40, P<0.001). Senior students had a higher proportion of elevated blood pressure than junior students (χ2=6.45, P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in overweight/obesity and comorbidities across grades (P>0.05). In terms of school type, the reported rates of overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, and comorbidities were higher in vocational colleges than in undergraduate institutions (χ2 =24.10, 14.30, 4.94,P<0.05). Among lifestyle factors, male students tended to exercise more but had poorer habits overall compared to female students, and there were no significant differences in lifestyle habits across grades(P>0.05). Students in vocational colleges reported less adequate sleep but more exercise and lower rates of binge drinking compared to students in undergraduate institutions. Adequate sleep and regular exercise were protective factors against overweight/obesity and high blood pressure (adequate sleep: OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48 - 0.94, P=0.019; regular exercise: OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.40 - 0.97, P=0.042). Smoking and alcohol consumption were risk factors for comorbidities (smoking: OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.03 - 2.42, P=0.033; alcohol consumption: OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.46, P=0.033). Conclusions Adequate sleep and regular weekly exercise are protective factors against overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, and comorbidities, while smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors. It is recommend that universities adjust the lights-out time to ensure students get adequate sleep, strengthen health education to discourage smoking and alcohol consumption, and organize campus sports activities to improve students' enthusiasm in participating in physical exercise, so as to promote overall health and well-being.
关键词
大学生 /
超重肥胖 /
血压偏高 /
共病 /
生活方式
Key words
college students /
overweight and obesity /
high blood pressure /
comorbidities /
lifestyle
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 中国卫生计生委疾病预防控制局.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社.
Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China Health and Family Planning Commission. Report on the Status of nutrition and chronic diseases in China (2015)[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House.(in Chinese)
[2] 冯彦成,冯淼,马永红,等.我国南北方成年居民血压偏高患病影响因素差异性分析及公共卫生防控策略研究[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2023, 40(6): 860-864.
Feng YC, Feng M, Ma YH, et al. Differential analysis of influencing factors of high blood pressure in adult residents in northern and southern China and public health prevention and control strategies[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2023, 40(6): 860-864.
[3] Chen K, Shen Z, Gu W, et al. Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: A cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults[J]. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2023, 25(11): 3390-3399.
[4] Poobalan A, Aucott L. Obesity among young adults in developing countries: A systematic overview[J]. Current obesity reports, 2016, 5(1): 2-13.
[5] De Venecia T, Lu M, Figueredo V M. Hypertension in young adults[J]. Postgraduate medicine, 2016, 128(2): 201-207.
[6] 柳相珍. 基于慢性病的社区健康管理研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2015.
Liu XZ. Research on community health management based on chronic diseases[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2015.
[7] Franzago M, Santurbano D, Vitacolonna E, et al. Genes and diet in the prevention of chronic diseases in future generations[J]. Int J Molec Sci, 2020, 21(7): 2633.
[8] 杨洋, 何田静, 祝淑珍,等. 成年人群睡眠与肥胖的关联研究[J]. 预防医学, 2023, 35(2): 116-120.
Yang Y, He TJ, Zhu SZ, et al. Association between sleep and obesity in adults China[J]. Preventive Medicine Journal, 2023, 35(2): 116-120.(in Chinese)
[9] 刘意, 刘琼, 刘慧琳,等. 湖南省2018年成人睡眠状况与高血压的关系分析[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2023, 31(5): 368-371.
Liu Y, Liu Q, Liu HL, et al. Analysis of the relationship between adult sleep status and hypertension in Hunan Province in 2018[J]. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, 2023, 31(5): 368-371.(in Chinese)
[10] 顾东风, 翁建平, 鲁向锋. 中国健康生活方式预防心血管代谢疾病指南[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2020, 35(3): 209-230.
Gu DF, Weng JP, Lu XF. Chinese Guidelinie on Healthy Lifestyle to Prevent Cardiometabolic Diseases[J]. Chinese Circulation Journal, 2020, 35(3): 209-230.
[11] 张全成, 冀兆鹏, 崔广志,等. 大学生慢性病潜在危险因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2013, 34(09): 1099-1100,1103.
Zhang QC, Ji ZP, Cui GZ, et al. Analysis of potential ricks factors of chronic diseases among college students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2013, 34(09): 1099-1100,1103.(in Chinese)
[12] 教育部, 体育总局, 卫生健康委,等. 2019年全国学生体质与健康调研及国家学生体质健康标准抽查复核工作实施方案[EB/OL]. (2019-07-10)[2024-03-27]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11/25/content_5455318.htm
[13] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 健康中国行动(2019-2030年)[EB/OL]. 卫生健康委网站. (2019-07-15)[2024-03-27]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/15/content_5409694.htm
[14] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委办公厅. 2019 年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作方案[EB/OL]. (2019-03-26)[2024-03-27]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s5898bm/201903/1bcbac21e1864377ad24984fac014c7d.shtml.
[15] 国家卫生健康委员会. 青少年健康教育核心信息及释义[EB/OL]. (2018-09-25)[2024-03-27]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-09/25/content_5325294.htm
[16] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南(2022)[M].北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2022.
Chinese Nutrition Society. The Chinese dietary guidelines(2022)[M].Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2022. (in Chinese)
[17] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.WS/T428-2013 中华人民共和国卫生行业标准《成人体重判定》[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013:1
[18] 卫生部疾病控制局, 高血压联盟(中国), 国家心血管病中心, 中国高血压防治指南修订委员会. 中国高血压防治指南(2015年修订版)[EB/OL]. https://max.book118.com/html/2015/1026/27902997.shtm
[19] 国家心血管病中心, 中国医师协会, 中国医师协会高血压专业委员会, 等. 中国高血压临床实践指南[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2022, 50(11): 1050-1095.
National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Hypertension Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypertension in China[J]. Chin J Cardiovascular, 2022, 50(11): 1050-1095.(in Chinese)
[20] 世界卫生组织, 《关于身体活动和久坐行为指南》, 国家体育总局. 中国体育报. (2020-12-21)[2024-03-27]. https://www.sport.gov.cn/n20001280/n20001265/n20066978/c20281994/content.html
[21] 丁云.中国居民与收入相关的健康不平等研究——基于CHNS数据的实证分析[D]. 北京:北京大学,2011.
[22] Wang Y, Mei H, Jiang YR, et al. Relationship between duration of sleep and hypertension in adults: A meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Sleep Med, 2015, 11(9): 1047-1056.
[23] Fatima Y, Doi SAR, Mamun AA. Sleep quality and obesity in young subjects:A meta-analysis[J]. Obesity reviews, 2016, 17(11): 1154-1166.
[24] Coledam DHC, Ferraiol PF, Pires R Júnior, et al. Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners[J]. Cien Saude Colet, 2017,22(12):4051-4060.
[25] Andriani H, Kosasih RI, Putri S, et al.Effects of changes in smoking status on blood pressure among adult males and females in Indonesia: A 15-year population-based cohort study[J].BMJ Open, 2020,10:e038021.
[26] Leone A. How and why chemicals from tobacco smoke can induce a rise in blood pressure[J]. World Journal of Pharmacology, 2012, 1(1): 10-20.
[27] Chiolero A, Jacot-sadowski I, Faeh D, et al. 2007. Association of cigarettes smoked daily with obesity in a general adult population[J].Obesity,2017,15(5):1311-1318.
[28] Sun J, Wang X, Terry PD, et al. Interaction effect between overweight/obesity and alcohol consumption on hypertension risk in China: A longitudinal study[J]. BMJ Open, 2022,12(7):e061261.
PDF(791 KB)
