早产低出生体重儿住院时间的影响因素

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0887<br/><br/>

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析早产低出生体重儿住院时间的影响因素,为缩短早产儿住院时间提供依据。方法选取2019年1月—2020年12月厦门大学附属中山医院收治的早产低出生体重儿240例为研究对象,以28d为界将住院时间分为两组,分析早产低出生体重儿住院时间的影响因素。结果单因素分析显示:住院时间≥28d和住院时间＜28d的两组儿童,其喂养方式(χ²=15.105)、呼吸困难(χ²=37.604)及喂养不耐受情况(腹胀χ²=19.288,呕吐χ²=27.539)等各项指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。住院时间与体重下降(r=0.477)、体重下降最低日龄(r=0.390)、恢复出生体重日龄(r=0.454)、蛋白摄入量(r=0.396)呈正相关(P＜0.001),与体重增长速率(r=-0.655)、出生胎龄(r=-0.454)呈负相关(P＜0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:体重增长速率(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.103~0.536)、母乳喂养(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.596~0.954)、出生胎龄(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.113～0.536)及热量摄入量(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.726~0.985)与住院时间≥28d呈正关联,呼吸困难(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.205~6.656)是住院时间≥28d 的危险因素(P＜0.001)。结论早产低出生体重儿临床特征较为典型,同时需要注意呼吸困难、日体重增长速率、喂养方式、出生胎龄及热量摄入量等指标变化,并开展相关治疗,缩短患者住院时间。

关键词: 早产低出生体重儿, 生长发育, 住院时间

Abstract: Objective To analyze the factors influencing the hospitalization time of preterm low birth weight infants, in order to provide a basis for shortening their hospital stay. Methods A total of 240 preterm low birth weight infants admitted to Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as study subjects. The hospitalization time was divided into two groups using a cutoff of 28 days, and the influencing factors on hospitalization time were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in feeding mode (χ²=15.105), dyspnea (χ²=37.604), feeding intolerance (abdominal distension χ²=19.288, vomiting χ²=27.539) between infants with hospitalization time ≥28 days and ＜28 days (P<0.05). Hospitalization time was positively correlated with weight loss (r=0.477), age at the lowest day of weight loss (r=0.390), age at regaining birth weight (r=0.454) and protein intake (r=0.396), and negatively correlated with the rate of weight gain (r=-0.655) and gestational age at birth (r=-0.454,P＜0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the rate of weight gain (OR=0.23, 95%CI:0.103 - 0.536), breastfeeding (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.596 - 0.954), gestational age at birth (OR=0.23, 95%CI:0.113 - 0.536), and caloric intake (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.726 - 0.985) were positively associated with hospitalization time ≥28 days, while dyspnea (OR=2.83, 95%CI: 1.205 - 6.656) was a risk factor for hospitalization time ≥28 days (P<0.001). Conclusions The clinical characteristics of preterm low birth weight infants are distinctive, and attention should be given to changes in dyspnea indicators, daily weight gain rate, feeding mode, gestational age at birth and caloric intake. Relevant treatments should be implemented to reduce the hospitalization time of these infants.

Key words: premature low birth weight infants, growth and development, hospitalization time

中图分类号:

R722.6

曾小萍, 陈舜妹, 许晓丹, 姜波. 早产低出生体重儿住院时间的影响因素[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2023, 31(10): 1147-1150.

ZENG Xiaoping, CHEN Shunmei, XU Xiaodan, JIANG Bo. Influencing factors of hospitalization time in premature low birth weight infants[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2023, 31(10): 1147-1150.

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