孤独症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,其病因与发病机制尚未明确。ASD对患者及其照顾者的身心健康均产生负面影响。在ASD人群中,精神障碍共病情况普遍存在,且ASD疾病周期长康复治疗成本高,使得ASD父母面临诸多压力和挑战,进而产生养育倦怠的不良心理状态,长期以往父母可能出现焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,这对ASD父母身心健康、亲子互动、儿童的照护质量与健康发展均有负面影响。目前,针对ASD的治疗主要以行为和教育训练为主,这需要家庭付出大量的经济和时间成本,但儿童的治疗和康复训练见效缓慢。近年来,以接纳承诺疗法(ACT) 为核心的积极心理学方法可作为治疗ASD的核心症状及其父母的心理健康方面的有益补充。瑜伽、太极拳等身心运动被广泛应用于缓解疲劳、减轻压力并改善负性心理问题。鉴于ASD研究领域所面临的问题和挑战,将ACT与其他身心治疗手段相结合的干预可能成为未来ASD领域心理健康研究的新模式。
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear etiology and pathogenesis,which negatively affects physical and mental health of both patients and their caregivers.Co-morbidities of mental disorders are common in the ASD population,and the high cost of ASD treatment and long recovery period make ASD parents face many pressures and challenges,leading to parenting burnout,anxiety,depression and other psychological problems in parents,causing negative impact on the physical and mental health of parents with ASD,parent-child interactions,and the quality of the child's care and healthy development.Currently,the treatment of ASD is mainly based on behavioral and educational training,which requires families to pay a lot of economic and time costs,but the treatment and rehabilitation training for children show a slower effect.In recent years,a positive psychology approach centered on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be a useful addition to treating the core symptoms of ASD and the mental health of parents.Yoga,tai chi,and other mind-body exercises are widely used to relieve fatigue,reduce stress,and ameliorate negative psychological issues.Given the issues and challenges facing the field of ASD research,interventions that combine ACT with other mind-body treatments may become a new paradigm for future mental health research in the field of ASD.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
养育倦怠 /
接纳承诺疗法 /
瑜伽 /
心理健康
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
parenting burnout /
acceptance commitment therapy /
yoga /
mental health
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基金
黑龙江省省自然基金项目(LH2021H023)
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