关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 视屏时间, 学龄前儿童

Abstract: Objective To learn about the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) symptoms in urban and rural preschoolers,and to study the associations between screen time and in preschoolers. Methods Convenient cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 154 children aged 4 to 7 years and their parents from 5 kindergartens in rural area and 2 kindergartens in urban area in June 2016. Parents were requested to fill out the questionnaire. ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHD Rating Scale Ⅳ-Preschool Version. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers was 7.2%. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms in rural areas was 8.3%,and 6.8% in urban areas. Totally 27.1% of preschool children were exposed to screen for more than 2 hours per day,and it was 39.4% in rural areas and 22.2% in urban areas. Multifactor analysis showed that long screen time before sleep was associated with higher level of ADHD symptoms(β=1.05,P<0.01),while longer tome for companion by parents predicted lower level of ADHD symptoms(β=-0.16,P＜0.01). In addition,children′s gender(β=-1.97),parental education(β=-1.84,-2.30),and family income(β=1.39) also affected the level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers(P<0.05). Conclusions Pre-sleeping screen time before bed is closely related to high level of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. More accompany with children by parents is associated with lower level of ADHD symptoms and screen time.

Key words: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, screen time, preschooler