Objective To investigate eye disease screening of 0 to 6 years old children, explore the screening method to the stages of children and the incidence of eye disease. Methods 17 255 children aged 0~6 years who were born in Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Care Hosptial were examined in the hosptial outpatient service from June 2012 to June 2013.The Methods were external examination, light stimulates reaction, red light reflex, fundus examination, visual assessment, ocular inspection, eye movement assessment and refractive inspection, etc.According to the age the children were divided into four groups and analysed the screening Results respectively. Results Group 1 (1~28) included 7 395 cases of neonatal, subconjunctival hemorrhage in 430 cases, conjunctivitis in 380 cases and obstruction of lacrimal duct in 21 cases;Group 2 (29~6 months) included 5 704 cases of infant, conjunctivitis in 229 cases, obstruction of lacrimal duct in 134 cases, dacryocystitis in 70 cases and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 34 cases;Group 3 (above 6 months ~3 years old) included 3 811 cases of infant, astigmatism in 1 245 cases, conjunctivitis in 86 cases and trichiasis in 81 cases;Group 4 (above 3~6 years old) included 345 cases of preschooler, astigmatism in 24 cases, concave-sphere abnormal in 21 cases and exotropia in 19 cases. Conclusion Appropriate screening Methods accroding to different age of children for eye diseases screening, early detection of various eye diseases would affect children's visual develpoment and early treatment.