Objective To study the current status of serum vitamin A level and its influence factors of children in urban area in Shiyan city. Methods 225 children aged 3~6 years old from kindergarten in the urban area were selected.The data of children's family situation, eating habits, growth and development, and children's health status were collected through the questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination.A method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of serum retinol. Results The serum retinol concentration was (1.48±0.52)μmol/L, The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) was 5.37%, and the prevalence of suspicious SVAD was 21.5%.Univariate analysis showed that age, mother's education level, household income, household expenditure on food, appetite, hemoglobin, fat absorption test, whether taking nutritional supplements were statistically significant.Only fat absorption test was found to be statistically significant after the multivariate analysis, the positive group had higher SVAD prevalence than that of negative group. Conclusion SVAD is still a nutrition problem in kindergartens in urban area in Shiyan city, the work of prevention and control SVAD and suspicious SVAD should be strengthened in kindergarten.