Objectives To compare the perspective adaptation and resilience of the left-behind students and non left-behind students.Analyze the influencing the factors and investigate the relationship between perspective adaptation and resilience about the left-behind students,in order to provide some effective references in promoting the physical and mental health of left-behind students. 【Method】 1 483 students who were in junior high schools in four cities of Jilin province were investigated by using the Adolescents Prospective Adaptation and Resilience questionnaires.Results Left-behind students accounted for 55.6% of the survey;Left-behind students prospective adaptation score was 58.80±6.51;and the psychological resilience was 99.59±17.65;the perspective adaptation and resilience of the left-behind students was in the above medium level;there was no signification in the perspective adaptation and resilience between the left-behind students and non left-behind students;the factors which influence the perspective adaptation of the left-behind students were residence,the educational background of parents,the type of parents' being out,the frequency contacted between parents and children,guardians' type,educational background of guardians,parent-child relationships,teacher-student relationships,fellowship,learning achievement; the total scores between the perspective adaptation of the left-behind students and its psychological resilience were positively correlated with resilience(r=0.506,P＜0.01).the study prospective and psychological resilience of the left-behind students (r=0.494) was the same as development perspective and psychological resilience of the left-behind students(r=0.432),they all almost had significant positive correlations(P all<0.01). Conclusion We should start from the perspective in positive psychology and focus on training their residence to improve their ability to cope with all kinds of life pressure,and to promote the physical and mental health of the left-behind students for better adaptation and development.