Objective Based on observations and investigations of associations among normal and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with sleep disorder aged 5~13,and related index of human delta sleep-inducing peptide(DSIP) level in blood serum.Then followed by an analysis and summary to explores ADHD's onset mechanism and prevention and treatment. Methods Random sampling of 1 100 children aged 5 to 13 were taken from five primary schools and two kindergartens in Lanzhou City for a Conner's Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ)and initial screening of sleep problem.Evaluation was thus made,with ≥15 marks of suspected ADHD.Designated specialists made a definite diagnosis in line with the DSM-IV (1991) standard.Blood serum tests on an empty stomach were given to both groups for DSIP levels. Results 1)The problem of sleep in ADHD group was remarkably significant(P＜0.001)and markedly associated with AOHO.2)DSIP was negatively associated with ADHD (P＜0.001).3)DSIP was negatively associated with ASQ (P<0.001).The more sleep problems children have,their ASQ were higher and were negatively associated with their academic performance. Conclusion ADHD children have low DSIP levels in blood serum,ADHD is associated with sleep disorder,and can affect the academic performance.