Objective To evaluate neuropsychological development of infants with small ventricular septal defect,in order to adopt effective intervention. Methods The cases were composed of 31 infants born in 2011-2012 with small ventricular septal defect and the controls were composed of 31 healthy infants matched with the cases in birthday,birth weight,gestational age and place of residence.Both the cases and the controls were all accepted Gesell's Neuropsychological Development Evaluation at the age of 12 months and the gap from earliest and latest was not more than 2 weeks.The results were compared then. Results There were no statistical significances in Development Quotient(DQ) of all five departments between the cases and the controls by qualitative analysis (P>0.05).In addition,the study showed no statistically significant differences in DQ of adaptive behavior,fine motor language and personal-social behavior.In gross motor,the DQ of cases was lower than that of the controls,and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The neuropsychological development level of the cases is closer to the controls.The lower gross motor development level of the cases may be because of parents' overprotection.