Objective According to the Urumqi municipal hospital delivery records in recent ten years,analysis of the neonatal birth weight,study of low birth weight infants and macrosomia the incidence and the related factors. Method From 2002 January to 2011 December in Urumqi city hospital,5 421 cases of neonatal birth weight were investigated retrospectively,and analyzed of gestational age,maternal age,maternal race and other factors associated with low birth weight,fetal macrosomia relationship. Results 1)5 421 cases of neonatal mean birth weight was (3 399.95± 475.94)g,baby boy mean birth weight was (3 457.05± 475.94)g,girl's mean birth weight was (3 335.43±467.72)g.2)The rate of low birth weight was 2.60%,associated with preterm birth,maternal,newborn gender related tribe,the differences were statistically significant.3)The incidence of macrosomia was 10.20%,with gestational age,maternal age,neonatal sex related,the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Nearly ten years neonatal birth weight increases smoothly; the prevention of preterm birth is important measures to reduce the rate of low birth weight,the higher incidence of macrosomia,should be paid attantion to,neonatal birth weight is necessary to observ year after year.