Objective To estimate disease burden of urban children in Shiyan city and provide evidence for the policy-making of disease prevention and control. Methods Data on child mortality among urban residents of Shiyan city from 2007 to 2009 were collected and mortality rate,years of life lost(YLL),years lost due to disability(YLD),disability adjusted life year(DALY) were calculated according to the methods recommended by the World Heath Organization. Results Average child mortality rate of Shiyan city from 2007 to 2009 was 0.90‰,male child mortality rate was 1.11‰ vs.female's 0.69‰.Death caused by communicable,maternal,perinatal and nutritional conditions was 0.36‰,mortality of noncommunicable diseases was 0.28‰,mortality of injuries was 0.23‰.There were age and gender differences in death causes.The mortality rates of 0~4 years old children were all higher than those of 5~14 years old children in three groups of death causes.Male mortality rate was higher than female's.DALY of male children was 84.15 per 1 000 vs.female's 51.56 per 1 000,DALY of both genders was 68.47 per 1 000.The sequence of mortality rate was:conditions arising during the perinatal period,unintentional injuries,malignant neoplasms,congenital anomalies,cardiovascular diseases,while the sequence of DALY was neuro-psychiatric conditions,conditions arising during the perinatal period,unintentional injuries,respiratory diseases,and congenital anomalies. Conclusions Both death and disability are should be considered to evaluate disease burden of children comprehensively.Disease burden of children are majorly caused by conditions arising during the perinatal period and injuries.