Study on nutritional status survey of children with autism.
- SUN Cai-hong,LI Nan-nan,ZHAO Dong,XIA Wei.
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Abstract
Objective To compare the nutritional status of children with autism and typically developing children. Methods A total of 53 children with autism and 53 typically developing children were enrolled in this study.The parents of the participated children were asked to provide a three-day food diary that was used to assess the nutritional intakes.Biochemical assessment and anthropometry were also completed for all the subjects. Results The levels of vitamins A and B6,zinc,and calcium intakes were <80% of the dietary reference intakes in both groups.In addition,the proportions of vitamin C and calcium intake deficiencies in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Serum zinc levels were less than the normal reference range in both groups.Serum calcium and folate levels in children with autism were significantly lower compared with those in children without autism.According to physical assessment,ZWA,ZBMIA and BMI of children with autism,and ZWH of autistic children under 6 years old were significantly higher than those of the typically developing children. Conclusion Inadequate nutritional status was observed in children with autism and typically developing children in China,but the nutritional deficiency in children with autism is worse,especially for calcium,zinc,vitamin C and folic acid.
Key words
children with autism / nutrient intake / trophic level biochemical assessment / anthropometry
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References
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[2] Dominick KC,Davis NO,Lainhart J,et al.Atypical behavior in children with autism and children with a history of language empairment[J].Research in Development Disabilities,2007,28(2):145-162.
[3] Lockner DW,Crowe TK,Skipper BJ.Dietary intake and parents' perception of mealtime behaviors in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder and in typically developing children[J].J Am Diet Assoc,2008,108(8):1360-1363.
[4] Mazurek MO,Vasa RA,Kalb LG,et al.Anxiety,sensory over-responsivity,and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorders[J].Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2013,41(1):165-176.
[5] Harris C,Card B.A pilot study to evaluate nutritional influences on gastrointestinal symptoms and behavior patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder[J].Complement Ther Med,2012,20(6):437-440.
[6] de Onis M,Onyango AW,Van den BJ,et al.Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference[J].Food and Nutrition Bulletin,2004,25(S):27-36.
[7] WHO.WHO Anthro for personal computers,version 3.01:Software for assessing growth and development of the world's children[R].2009.
[8] World Health Organization.Training course on child growth assessment WHO child growth standards[R].Geneva,WHO.2008:14-20.
[9] Herndon AC,DiGuiseppi C,Johnson SL,et al.Does nutritional intake differ between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development?[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2009,39(2):212-222. [10] Xia W,Zhou Y,Sun C,et al.A preliminary study on nutritional status and intake in Chinese children with autism[J].Eur J Pediatr,2010,169(10):1201-1206.
[11] Hyman SL,Stewart PA,Schmidt B,et al.Nutrient intake from food in children with autism[J].Pediatrics,2012,130(S2):145-153.
[12] Adams JB,Audhya T,McDonough-Means S,et al.Nutritional and metabolic status of children with autism vs.neurotypical children,and the association with autism severity[J].Nutrition & Metabolism,2011,8(1):34-66.
[13] James SJ,Melnyk S,Fuchs G,et al.Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,89(1):425-430.
[14] Ali A,Waly MI,Al-Farsi YM,et al.Hyperhomocysteinemia among Omani autistic children:a case-control study[J].Acta Biochim Pol,2011,58(4):547-551.
[15] Buie T,Campbell DB,Fuchs GJ,et al.Evaluation,diagnosis,and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs:a consensus report[J].Pediatrics,2010,125(S):1-18.
