Objective To investigate the incidence of congenital hearing loss in the neonatal intensive care unit and explore the scientific and feasible mode of hearing screening and early diagnosis for the high-risk newborns. Methods 673 newborns in NICU received hearing screening test initially with distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE).All babies would received screening again after one month.The infants who failed to pass both tests would performed auditory brainstem response(ABR) test at 3~6 months. Results 164(24.4%) infants didn't pass the initially hearing screening among the 673 newborns.599 infants(89.0%) took part in the second screening test.Thirty-seven(6.2%) infants got positive results.All abnormal infants(37) accepted ABR test at 3~6 months and 18 of them were diagnosed as with hearing impairment.Of them,two infants were auditory neuropathy and four mild hearing loss were associated with otitis media.The incidence of hearing disorder was 2.67%. Conclusions DPOAE combined with automated auditory brainstem response(AABR) is an effective mode for hearing screening among high-risk newborns in NICU.The incidence of auditory neuropathy among these newborns is higher than that of well-born baby,especially hypercholesterolenia is connected with auditory neuropathy.It is necessary for high-risk newborns to trace,revisit and regular audiological testing.