Objective To understand the physical development of the abandoned infants and toddlers in Shanghai Children's welfare institute,count the physical development anthropometric variables,for accurate evaluation the abandoned infants and toddlers' physical development. Methods Timing measurement 389 abandoned infants and toddlers' anthropometric variables of physical development in Shanghai Children's welfare institute ,compare the results with "The physical growth survey of children under 4 years in the urban and suburban rural areas of nine cities of China in 2005". Results The physical growth anthropometric variables were significantly lower than same ages same gender of "The physical growth survey of children under 4 years in the urban and suburban rural areas of nine cities of China in 2005",the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001),the secular trend in physical growth consistently; the difference of anthropometric nutritional status between the children whom raised in Children's home from 3~6months and 6~12 months is significant difference (χ²=10.582,P<0.05). Conclusion The physical development anthropometric variables of the children in Shanghai children's home is greatly behind normal infants,but overall nutrition is in good condition,it is necessary to establish a Shanghai children's welfare institute infant physical development anthropometric variables measure number (mean),for accurate evaluation physical development of the abandoned children.