Objective To investigate the abnormal refractive status and the risk factors in 3 to 6 years old children in Jinjiang city,and to provide information for the intervention of preschool children's abnormal refractive. Method A sample of 3 346 children aged 3 to 6 years old were selected randomly,examined the refractive status of the children with SureSight autorefractor,surveyed the relevant factors,and analyzed on the results. Results The abnormal rate of refractive status in 3 346 children(6 692 eyes,3 to 6 years old)was 38.5%,the difference among 3-year-old,4-year-old,5-year-old and 6-year-old group was statistically significant (χ²=854.88,P<0.001),there was no significant difference between the boys and girls (χ²=7.773,P>0.05).Analysis of risk factors:myopia in 3 to 6 years old children was associated with the average time watching TV one day;hyperopia was associated with mother's vision,father's vision and children's nutrition; astigmatism was associated with the father's vision and children's nutrition. Conclusion It is very important to screen refractive early and eliminate the adverse factors in the preschool children,so as to promote children's vision.