Objective To analyze the mortality situation of children under 5 year-old and the change trend in Shaanxi province. Methods The data collected from the children surveillance (2006-2011) in Shaanxi province,using SPSS 13.0 to do statistical descriptive,and evaluated the change trend by using estimated annual percent change (EAPC). Results 1) The mortality of children under 5 year-old was 12.74‰ for Shaanxi province in 2011,descending 53.9% compared to 2006 (27.66‰).The mortality for urban and rural area were 9.45‰ and 13.49‰ respectively in 2011,comparing to the mortality 9.22‰ and 34.86‰ for urban and rural in 2006.The grap between urban and rural mortality for children under 5 year-old was reducing steadily.2) There was significant decreasing trend for the pneumonia mortality for children under 5 year-old in 2006 to 2011.Birth asphyxia,premature delivery and low birth weight had become the main cause of deaths for children under 5 years old.3) Trend analysis of deaths for children under 5 year-old:The mortality of children under 5 year-old in entire province and rural areas had negative correlation with years(P<0.05).Their estimated average annual percent change(EAPC) had statistical significance (P<0.05),but the mortality for urban area had no correlation with years(P＞0.05). Conclusions The overall mortality of children under 5 year-old showed a declining trend gradually in Shaanxi province,but the mortality fluctuated for urban areas.It's needed to strengthen monitoring and intervention.In the cause of death,the infectious diseases (for example,pneumonia,diarrhea and so on) are under the control gradually,and its influence to the death reduced unceasingly.But the proportion of non-infectious disease (for example,the birth suffocates,the premature delivery/Low birth weight) are increasing unceasingly.It's necessary to strengthen comprehensive intervention.