Objective To explore the influencing factors of perinatal birth defect,and provide scientific basis for intervention. Methods 468 perinatal birth defects infants were selected as case group,and 646 normal infants as control group.According to the birth date and sex matching principle,Logistic regression was used to analysis muti-factor. Results Regular intake of fish,shrimp,meat,eggs,milk and beans during pregnancy(OR=0.59),participating in pre-marital medical examination(OR=0.65) were the protective factors of birth defects.The habit of smoking and drinking(OR=2.02),the history of mother exposure to teratogenic factors(OR=1.63),medication during pregnancy(OR=4.23),exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy(OR=13.26),environment pollution sources near residence(OR=10.23) were the risk factors of birth defects. Conclusion The habit of smoking and drinking,the history of mother exposure to teratogenic factors,medication during pregnancy,exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy,environment pollution sources near residence are the main risk factors of birth defects.Primary prevention to the causes is important to reduce birth defects.