Objective To explore temperament characteristics and its related factors of the obese children,to provide a reference for the obese children's physical and mental health education and family education. Methods A total of 119 simple obese children and 119 normal children were investigated by Temperament Questionnaires used respectively for school-age children aged 8~12 years old.The related factors of the two groups were investigated by self-made questionnaires. Results In terms of temperament type distribution,experiment group and control group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);Results of temperament scores compared,the distractibility of boys in the experiment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05),girls in experiment group and control group compare that the experiment group were higher in the aversion,adaptability and persistence(P<0.05 or <0.01);while levels of activity,response threshold were lower than the control group(P<0.05).Several factors that affect the temperament dimensions of school age obese children were pre-school raising history,family structure,maternal education degree,parents' marital relationship,way of parental education,parenting attitude. Conclusion It should be according to the temperament characteristics of the special qualities of the obese children targeted personalized education,which can promote their healthy development of psychological activity.