Objective To study the influencing factors of Uighur children's developmental dyslexia,and provide a scientific basis for dyslexia intervention. Methods Totally 1 206 Uighur children in grade 3 to 5 who were from four primary schools in Xinjiang were screened.Chi-square test,single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of Uighur children with dyslexia. Results The incidence rate of Xinjiang Uighur children's dyslexia was 6.80%.The prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls (P<0.05).And there was no significant difference in the incidence of different grade Uighur children with dyslexia(P＞0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that unemployed parents,mother who's education level was below junior middle school and family which monthly income was less than 1 000 yuan were significant influencing factors of Uighur children with dyslexia. Conclusion Uighur children's dyslexia is common,family environment especially low income families have obvious influence on the occurrence of dyslexia.