Objective To probe into the general influence factors of the early emotion and social competence of toddlers aged 1~2 years old so as to support the practice of early promotion and intervention. Methods A total of 296 toddlers,random sampled from Jinan,Jining,Zibo,Liaocheng and Rizhao cities,fulfilled the Demographic Questionnaire,1~3 years Child Nurture Environment Scale,Chinese 1~3 Years Toddler Temperament Scale (CTTS),12~36-month infant and toddler social and emotional assessment as assessment tools through their parents,served as the sample for analyzing the relationship between toddler's temperament,nurture environment and the social and emotional competence. Results A big differences of social and emotional behavior presented at different types of children's temperament,mothers' mental conditions during perinatal period,and parent's education(all P<0.05).There were obviously correlation between child nurture environment and the toddlers' emotion and social competence(all P<0.01). Conclusion Toddlers' temperament,their parent's education,the mother's mental condition during perinatal period,and nurture environment perhaps play an important role on toddler's emotion and social development.