Objective To analyze the causes of death distribution of children under 5 years old in minority concentrated region in Sichuan,for implementing development of preventive measures as well as providing the basis for decision-making of government departments. Methods The death information cards of children below 5 years old in minority concentrated region in Sichuan in 2012 were analyzed. Results Most of the children died in minority concentrated region in 2012 were infants.The top 5 causes of children death below 5 were pneumonia,premature and low birth weight,birth asphyxia,diarrhea,other diseases of the respiratory system.The proportions of death of infectious disease and avoidable death causes were 43.96% and 66.46%.These children mainly were born and died at home,nearly half of them did not have medical treatment. Conclusion To develop the economic and health conditions in minority concentrated region,to prevent and control infectious disease and avoidable death causes,to improve delivery rate and the quality of health care of children,child deaths below 5 years old in minority can be further reduced concentrated region.