Objective To find out breast feeding and anemia status among infants under 2 years old in rural areas of Hubei province. Methods 1 197 infants under 2 years old were investigated using cluster random sampling method in 8 cities(counties) in rural areas of Hubei.Data of breast feeding were collected using questionnaire,and 20μL peripheral blood were collected to measure haemoglobin concentration value. Results 1 125 of the 1 197(94.0%) infants had a history of breast feeding,and 965(85.8%) of those had been fed colostrum.The majority of infants (61.8%) were weaned during 7~12 months old,only 6.1% were weaned after 12 months.The prevalence of anemia among the infants was 32.7%.There were no significant differences on anemia prevalence between different age and sex.The anemia prevalence was lower in infants who had been fed colostrum.But results between whether having breastfeeding history,and between the different time of weaning,did not have significant differences. Conclusion Colostrum feeding is strongly recommended due to its benefit in reducting the prevalence of anemia.