Objective To understand the development of high school students smoking status in Shiyan city and the cognitive status of the dangers of smoking,and discuss the influence factors of smoking behavior,and then provide the scientific basis for controlling smoking and health education. Method By using stratified random sampling method,adopting questionnaire which was designed by ourselves was applied to 1 632 students in 14 middle school for smoking condition investigation in Shiyan city. Results The survey objects of try smoking was 30.13%,boy 45.24%,girl 14.03%;The difference of smoking severity between junior high school students and high school students was not statistically significant;the main cause was to start smoking the curious,environmental impact;high school students knew fully the danger of smoking;Most students who smoking thought that the smoker can quit smoking. Conclusion Shiyan city high school students smoking phenomenon is common,crowd around smoking behavior have great influence for middle school students,the comprehensive measures such as early intervention,developing health education and so on should be taken to make high school students cultivate their good habit,resist to tobacco firmly and then reduce the smoking rate.