【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of deciduous caries among preschool children of eleven kindergartens in Urumqi and master the Weak link of children's oral health care so as to provide some basic data for reduce the prevalence rate of deciduous caries. 【Methods】 4 306 per-school children in 11 kindergartens of Urumqi during were examined by dentist to check deciduous caries.The data were collected and analyzed by statistical analysis. 【Results】 4 306 preschool children were investigated the prevalence rate of the deciduous caries was 45.01%.The mean number of decayed/missing and filled teeth(DMFT) of 4 306 kindergarten children was 1.61,molars caries were 0.84;Milk incisor caries were 0.77.The detection rate of caries growed with age increasing,especially 5~6 years old. 【Conclusion】 Improving the self-awareness of oral health,strengthening the education of oral health in kindergartens and nursery,disseminating the knowledge of oral health,improving the system of primary oral health services gradually,increasing the level of children's oral health,reducing the prevalence rate of dental caries gradually should be done.