【Objective】 To understand the correlation of trace elements and physical development of infants and young children and the risk factors causing malnutrition,intervention measures to ensure the normal development of the infantile. 【Methods】 868 cases of 0 to 2-year-old infants were randomly selected,a comparative study of six kinds of trace elements in the test results of the blood zinc,copper,calcium,iron,magnesium,aluminum and physical development of the measurement results. 【Results】 zinc,iron,calcium deficiency and high blood lead in children with growth retardation were higher than normal infant,and the risk rate are 4.04,3.20,2.61,3.00 times than that of normal children (P<0.05).Zinc,iron,calcium deficiency and high blood lead in children with low body weight were higher than normal infants,and the risk rate are 2.49,4.52,2.46,1.63 times than that of the normal children (P<0.05).Zinc,iron,calcium deficiency and high blood lead in children with malnutrition were higher than normal infants,and the risk rate are 5.02,3.67,2.29,3.82 times than that of normal children (P<0.05).(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The physical development of infants and young children are closely associated with the trace elements levels such as zinc,iron,calcium and lead.