【Objective】 To study the relationship between home rearing environment and temperament of 2~3 years old children. 【Methods】 178 children who had physical examination for entering kindergarten were evaluated by self-designed questionnaire of family rearing environment,Chinese children temperament Scale(CTTS),Family Environment Scale Chinese version (FES-CV).The relationship was studied between home rearing environment and children's temperament with correlation analysis. 【Result】 There was significant positive correlation between emotional expression and dimension distraction.The intimacy was positively correlated with the threshold of responsiveness.There was significant positive correlations between achievement and regularity and durability.Intellectual and adaptability was significantly negative correlated.There was significant positive correlation between moral religion and activity level. 【Conclusion】 Children's temperament is correlated with home rearing environment.Parents should pay attention to create favorable home rearing environment for the formation of the children's temperament as well as future growth.