【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of temperament and family environment of children with nocturnal enuresis and provide theoretical evidence for comprehensive intervention. 【Methods】 Children with nocturnal enuresis aged 5~7 years old were chosen to study the characteristics of temperament and family environment by questionnaires and follow-up examination.Case control study was conducted. 【Results】 The type of raising difficultly and intermediate to raise difficultly was the main types of primary enuresis,respectively 29.2% (19/65) and 30.7% (24/65).The rate of primary enuresis group was higher than that of the control group,it was generally difficult to raise,but the type of raising slowly has no significance.In temperament dimensions,The emotional essence(3.42±0.59),rhythm(4.12±0.53),persistent(3.78±0.65),adaptive(4.35±0.55) scores were different from those of control group[(3.13±0.65),(4.34±0.63),(3.24±0.72),(4.75±0.76)],the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05),children with nocturnal enuresis lived in family environment.The expressiveness,independence,achievement orientation,success,organization scores were lower than that of control group,the difference between the two groups had significant statistical significance (P<0.05),while contradiction and control were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The unique temperament and poor family environment may be influencing factors in the primary enuresis and influences may decreases with age,while early psychological intervention can be used as adjuvant therapy for symptoms of quick remit.