【Objective】 To investigate the temperamental and behavioral characteristics in preschool children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. 【Methods】 145 preschool children aged 4~5 years old with recurrent respiratory tract infections served as recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) group,244 healthy children served as control group and all were from 5 kindergartens.Using the "NYLS children's temperament questionnaire for 3~7 years old "and "Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for parents",the temperament and the behavior of the children were rated. 【Results】 The difference in six temperament dimensions activity level,rhythmicity,phobotaxis,adaptability,intensity of reaction,distractibility was significant (P<0.05),as well as the qualities type's distribution between RRTIs group and control group(P<0.01).The adaptability was related to recurrent respiratory tract infections.In boys,difference in the incidence rate of behavior problems was significant between the RRTIs group and the control group (P<0.05),the scores of body problem,depression,immaturity,schizophymia,aggressivity were significantly higher in RRTIs group than in control group (P<0.05).In girls,the incidence rate of behavior problems and the scores of eight behavior factors were also significantly higher in RRTI group than in control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 There is difference in temperamental characteristics between children with recurrent respiratory tract infections and normal children,adaptability is related to the occurrence of recurrent respiratory tract infections,children with recurrent respiratory tract infections are prone to have behavior problems.