【Objective】 To investigate the diet and nutritional status of rural school-aged children in Anhui province,and to provide evidence for the dietary intervention. 【Method】 The nutritional status of the school-aged children were investigated by physical examination and questionnaire survey. 【Results】 The rate of malnutrition in rural school-aged children in Anhui Province was 81.7%,the rate of overweight was 1.8%.Multivariate analysis showed that malnutrition was related to the gender(OR=0.865,P=0.038),grade and the frequency of eating breakfast(OR=1.727,P=0.001);overweight was related to the gender(OR=2.359,P=0.002),parents were not work outside(OR=1.478,P=0.048) and grade. 【Conclusion】 The status of malnutrition are really prevalent among the rural school-aged children,it is extremely necessary to strengthen the nutritional education for school-aged children,enhance pupils' knowledge level,build up a correct and reasonable attitude about nutrition,healthy eating behaviors.