【Objective】 To compare preterms temperament dimensions and types with full-terms ,in order to offer reference for raising children correctly. 【Method】 The temperament were assessed in 80 preterm infants and 80 full-term infants by Carey Infant Temperament Scale Standardized in China. 【Results】 The constituent ratio of difficult nurturing type in preterm infants was higher than in full-term infants,when nine temperament dimensions was considered,the preterms were significantly less persistence,less attentive,more withdrawal and lower in threshold to respond than the controls.There was no difference among activity,rhythmicity,adaptability,intensity and mood. 【Conclusion】 The temperament features is different between preterm infants and full-term infants;It suggests that preterm infants should be raised contrapuntally according to their temperament features.