【Objective】 To investigate the behavior problems and factors between different genders of preschool children in Changsha. 【Method】 A total of 854 children aged 3~5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha and their parents completed the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the factors questionnaire respectively. 【Results】 The prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%,in which 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls (P<0.001).The factors infulencing behavior of boys were feeding patterns,bottle feeding,the appetite,diseases in pregnancy,postpartum mood,relationship between parents,mother's emotion,educational attitudes,educational patterns,changes of caregiver,father sleep talking,mother sleep talking,restless sleep of child;while the girls influencing factors contained attending special skill training class,night sleep duration,playing games before go to sleep,the mood before sleeping,history of having colds,illnesses in last year of child,whether eating regularly,relationship between parents,mother's emotion,postpartum mood,preterm birth. 【Conclusion】 There is difference in gender between the prevalence and factors of behavior problems,and it's worth paying attention in practical work.