【Objective】 To explore the screening of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),and to understand the incidence and the related factors of ROP. 【Method】 On the May 10,2010 to March 31,2012 period in Qingyuan City Maternal and Child Heath Hospital outpatient department of ophthalmology for ROP screening of premature and low birth weight infants were retrospectively analyzed,statistics and analysis of screening. 【Results】 Screening a total of 239 cases of premature infants and low birth weight infants,ROP patients were found in 15 cases,the incidence rate of 6.28%.Statistical analysis showed that BW≤1 500 g,1 500 g<BW ≤2 000 g,BW>2 000 g ROP occurrence rate was respectively 20.59%,8.22%,1.52%.There were significant differences in the morbidity(χ²=17.47,P<0.005);GA≤31 weeks,31<GA≤34 weeks,GA>34 weeks the incidence of ROP were 29.17%,7.25%,2.06%.There also were significant differences in the morbidity(χ²= 25.96,P<0.005).The analysis also showed the occurrence of ROP and oxygen had a certain relationship. 【Conclusions】 Screening shows the incidence of ROP was 6.28%,standard oxygen,low birth weight and small for gestational age is the relevant factors of ROP.For low gestational age or low weight in high-risk preterm infants shound be regularly eyeground screening.