【Objective】 To know about the current situation of the self-concept and its influential factors of school-age children in Gansu province. 【Method】 5 435 school students were randomly selected from 6 cities and counties of Gansu province.Then Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) was used and assessed. 【Results】 The whole level of self-concept of the children in Gansu was significantly lower than the level of Chinese norms(P<0.01).Girls got more scores than boys about behavior,intelligence and school,anxiety,happiness and satisfaction as well as total score(P<0.01).The level of children's self-concept in town was markedly higher than the level of the rural children(P<0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the risk factors of self-concept were as follows,the different degree of parents' education,mother's occupation,school record,the teacher-student relation,classmate relation. 【Conclusions】 The level of pupil's self-concept relates with economy and social development,and is influenced by the environment of family and school.It is an important developmental task to promote the level of self-concept in the growing of children.