【Objective】 To study the longitudinal growth law and physical deviation tendency about schoolchildren in Changsha city and to provide longitudinal fundamental data for children's growth and development research. 【Methods】 889 schoolchildren were followed longitudinally from grade 1 to grade 6. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight were obtained for each child once one year. Their nutritional status and height grade were evaluated by 2005 children children and adolescents growth standard.The physical growth velocities and change of physical deviation ratio were calculated .At the same time, the physical growth level was comparison with China national standard. 【Results】 1)The height average velocities were 5.3~6.2 cm/year in boys and 5.5~7.0 cm/year in girls and the accelerated growth were seen at 11 years in boys and 9 years in girls. The weight velocities were more as the age rised and obviously more after 10 years for boys and girls. 2)For boys and girls, the average height in the different age groups were lower than China national standard and the gap gradually reduced as the age rised. The average weight of boys and girls under 8 years were also lower than China national standard, but catch up and more than China national standard after 8 years. 3)As the age rised, their rates of short stature and wasting decreased, in contrast, their rates of obesty and over-weight increased, There were significant difference among age groups. 【Conclusions】 The physical growth is followed basic law for schoolchildren in Changsha city, but weight velocities are more than height velocities. The average height in the different age schoolchildren in Changsha city are slower than China national standard.It should be pay attention to rapid increase of obesity and over-weight children.