【Objective】 To know the current death situation and the change of children under 5 years old in Panyu, and study the measures of decreasing the children mortality. 【Method】 The death information of children under 5 years old in Panyu during 2007-2010 were analyzed. 【Results】 The mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 5.83%, 43.18%of them were neonates, 70.62% of them were infants; The male children mortality were higher than female children; The mortality rate of children in floating population was significantly higher than that of inhabitant; Top 3 causes of were accidental death、congenital malformation and premature low birth weight; 24.19% of them death without treatment. 【Conclusions】 The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death of infant and neonates, especially the care of floating population. It is important to preventing the accidental death and congenital malformation.