【Objective】 To investigate the effect of reading ability treatment on event related potential (ERP) in children with developmental dyslexia of Chinese. 【Methods】 Totally 60 pupils with developmental dyslexia of Chinese, from three to five in grades were enrolled.The patients divided into 2 groups randomly: Training Group and Control Group. The training groups were trained with systematically treatment for consecutive 7 weeks. The control groups were treated with normal treatment methods. The latency and amplitude of P₃ ERP, the marks of language examination, marks of reading examination and reading error rates were compared. 【Results】 The latency and amplitude in Chinese developmental dyslexia group after treatment were significantly shorter and higher than before treatment(t=4.647,-4.309,P<0.01). There were remarkable differences in mark of language examination, mark of reading examination and reading error rate before and after reading ability treatment(P<0.01). The changes between P₃ ERP in control group had no sense in statistics(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The reading ability treatment can improve the auditory cognitive process ability and raise the reading levels.