【Objective】 To study the temperament characteristics of autistic children. 【Methods】 1∶2 case-control study was adopted. 40 autistic children and 80 normal children aged from 3 to 7 were selected and assessed with Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ), Self-revised questionnaire of family and environment factors and Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scale. 【Results】 The adaptability, reaction intensity, persistence, response threshold scores of the autistic children's temperament dimensions were significantly different from normal children(P <0.05); Autistic children group's verbal communication, social skills, cognitive awareness were correlated with the temperament dimensions (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Temperament dimensions of autistic children are different from the normal children; The disorder of social skills, communication and cognition of autistic children influenced by the development of their temperament dimensions themselves.