Children with special needs, including those with developmental delay, developmental disorders, disabilities, or other health risks, are more vulnerable to various adverse factors during early development. Therefore, their nurturing care warrants greater attention and emphasis. As a fundamental basis for promoting early childhood development, nurturing care plays a crucial role in improving the developmental outcomes of infants and young children with special needs, strengthening family caregiving capacity, and facilitating their social inclusion. On the basis of clarifying the relevant concepts of children with special needs, this paper draws on the nurturing care framework to summarize the core principles of their nurturing care. Furthermore, it outlines a multidimensional support system for implementing this care, emphasizing the collaboration among families, childcare and early education institutions, healthcare facilities, and society. Ultimately, this review aims to enhance the awareness and competencies of relevant professionals, thereby driving the further optimization of the nurturing care system for infants and toddlers with special needs.
Key words
special needs /
nurturing cares /
children
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank Group. Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential[EB/OL]. (2018-05-23)[2026-04-03].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514064http://www.nhc.gov.cn/rkjcyjtfzs/c100147/201905/00ad9152bfea4089a0cad10d9bef8d17.shtml
[2] McPherson M, Arango P, Fox H, et al. A new definition of children with special health care needs[J]. Pediatrics, 1998, 102(1):137-140.
[3] 中华人民共和国教育部. 教育部关于印发《特殊教育办学质量评价指南》的通知[EB/OL]. (2022-11-07)[2026-04-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3331/202211/t20221107_975922.html.
[4] World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund.Nurturing care for children with developmental delays and disabilities: Thematic brief[EB/OL].(2026-03-02)[2026-04-10].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09617.
[5] United Nations Children's Fund. Children with disabilities[EB/OL].(2023-06)[2026-04-10]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-disability/overview/.
[6] World Health Organization. Improving early childhood development: WHO guideline[M]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020.
[7] Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, et al. Nurturing care: Promoting early childhood development[J]. The Lancet, 2017, 389(10064): 91-102.
[8] Reichow B, Kogan CS, Barbui C, et al. Caregiver skills training for caregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2024, 66(6): 713-724.
[9] Deniz E, Francis GA, Torgerson CJ, et al. Parent-mediated play-based interventions to improve social communication and language skills of preschool autistic children: A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One,2022,17(8):e0270153.
[10] Kumar SV, Narayan S, Malo PK, et al.A systematic review and meta-analysis of early childhood intervention programs for developmental difficulties in low- and middle-income countries[J]. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2022, 70: 103026.
[11] Lord C, Charman T, Havdahl A, et al. The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism[J].The Lancet, 2022, 399(10321): 271-334.
[12] 国家卫生健康委办公厅. 国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发3岁以下婴幼儿健康养育照护指南(试行)的通知: 国卫办妇幼函〔2022〕409号[Z/OL]. (2022-11-28)[2026-04-10]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/c100078/202211/f0f764d18bbc4ddea3cf659df6ebf10d.shtml.
[13] 王晶, 童梅玲. 婴幼儿养育照护的框架和策略[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(9): 993-996, 1004.
Wang J, Tong ML. Framework and strategies of nurturing care for infants and young children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care,2020,28(9):993-996,1004. (in Chinese)
[14] 国务院. 国务院关于印发“十四五”残疾人保障和发展规划的通知[Z/OL]. (2021-07-21)[2026-04-10]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/202107/t20210721_849487.shtml.
[15] 童梅玲. 婴幼儿养育照护中早期学习机会的创设[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2024, 32(2): 117-121.
Tong ML. Creating early learning opportunities in nurturing care[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2024, 32(2): 117-121. (in Chinese)
[16] World Health Organization. New report calls for greater attention to children's vital first years[EB/OL]. (2023-06-29)[2026-04-10]. https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2023-new-report-calls-for-greater-attention-to-children-s-vital-first-years.
[17] 上海市康复医学会. 0～6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍家庭养育照护干预规范: T/SRMA 43-2025[S]. 2025.
[18] 乔梁, 张文京. 特殊教育的全人教育观[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2001,4: 6-10.
Qiao L, Zhang WJ. Concept of whole-person development in special education[J]. Chinese Journal of Special Education, 2001,4: 6-10. (in Chinese)
[19] 联合国. 残疾人权利公约[S]. 2006.
[20] 国家卫生健康委办公厅. 国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发0～6岁儿童孤独症筛查干预服务规范(试行)的通知[Z/OL]. (2022-09-20)[2026-04-10].https://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/c100078/202209/0cb5cf9dd3964c0ab46beb31c1be312d.shtml.
[21] 陈全银,肖乐,廖红夜.残疾儿童家庭照护需求支持现实观照及优化路径[J].绥化学院学报, 2023, 43(7):153-157.
Chen QY, Xiao L, Liao HY. Realistic reflection and optimization path of support for family care needs of children with disabilities[J]. Journal of Suihua University, 2023, 43(7): 153-157. (in Chinese)
[22] 国家卫生健康委办公厅. 国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发婴幼儿早期发展服务指南(试行)的通知:国卫办妇幼函[2024]467号[Z/OL]. (2025-02-08)[2026-04-10]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/c100078/202502/19c9c6dee0274d23822f313a99ae1779.shtml.
[23] 中国妇幼保健协会婴幼儿养育照护专业委员会. 婴幼儿养育照护专家共识[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(9): 1063-1068.
Infants Nurturing Care Professional Council, Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association. Expert consensus on nurturing care for infants and toddlers[J]. Chin J Child Health Care,2020, 28(9): 1063-1068.(in Chinese)
[24] United Nations Children's Fund. UNICEF fact sheet: Children with disabilities[EB/OL]. (2022-08)[2026-04-10]. https://www.unicef.org/reports/unicef-fact-sheet.
[25] United Nations Children's Fund. Family-friendly policies: Redesigning the workplace of the future[EB/OL]. (2019-07)[2026-04-10]. https://www.unicef.org/documents/family-friendly-policies-redesigning-workplace-future.
[26] Rocard E, Llena-Nozal A. Supporting informal carers of older people: Policies to leave no carer behind[EB/OL]. (2022-05-04)[2026-04-07]. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informal-carers-of-older-people_0f0c0d52-en.html.
[27] 卫生部. 新生儿疾病筛查管理办法[Z/OL]. (2009-02-16)[2026-04-10]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/c100221/202201/e3425f3067cb4beebd5a4007bb954f94.shtml.
[28] 国家卫生计生委. 国家基本公共卫生服务规范(第三版)——0～6岁儿童健康管理服务规范[S/OL].(2017-02)[2026-04-10]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2017/04/20170417104506514.pdf.
[29] Lipkin PH, Macias MM, Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Promoting optimal development: Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders through developmental surveillance and screening[J]. Pediatrics, 2020, 145(1): e20193449.
[30] U.S. Department of Education.Every student succeeds act (ESSA)[EB/OL]. [2026-04-07]. https://www.ed.gov/laws-and-policy/laws-preschool-grade-12-education/every-student-succeeds-act-essa.
[31] Office of Head Start. Head start history[EB/OL]. (2025-01-31)[2026-04-07]. https://headstart.gov/about-us/article/head-start-history.
[32] Office of Head Start. FAQs about the 10% enrollment requirement[EB/OL]. (2026-03-27)[2026-04-10].https://headstart.gov/publication/faqs-about-10-enrollment-requirement.
[33] 中华人民共和国教育部. 中华人民共和国学前教育法[EB/OL]. (2024-11-08)[2026-04-10]. https://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/sjzl_zcfg/zcfg_jyfl/202411/t20241108_1161363.html.
[34] U.S. Department of Education. IDEA—45 years later[EB/OL]. (2023-04-25)[2026-04-10]. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/idea-45-years-later/.
[35] Green J, Charman T, McConachie H, et al. Parent-mediated communication-focused treatment in children with autism (PACT): A randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2010,375(9732):2152-2160.
PDF(927 KB)
