Objective To investigate the ameliorative effects and potential mechanisms of breast milk-derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FN029 on β-lactoglobulin (β-LG)-induced food allergy in mice, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of food allergy. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group, a food allergy group (induced by β-LG), and an FN029 intervention group.FN029 was administered by oral gavage for intervention.Allergic symptom scores were evaluated.Histopathological staining was performed to assess lung and jejunal injury as well as mast cell infiltration.Serum immunoglobulin and cytokine levels were measured.In addition, mRNA expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the jejunum, expression of tight junction proteins, and protein levels of the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, mice in the food allergy group exhibited pronounced allergic symptoms, weight loss, and increased spleen index.Lung and jejunal tissues were damaged, with increased mast cell infiltration.Serum levels of total IgE, β-LG-specific IgE, IgG1, histamine, and IL-4 were significantly elevated, accompanied by upregulated jejunal Th2 cytokine IL-4 and Th1 cytokine IFN-γ levels.Furthermore, expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1) was decreased, and phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways were abnormally increased (P<0.05).FN029 intervention significantly ameliorated allergic symptoms and signs, alleviated tissue damage and mast cell aggregation, downregulated serum IgE, histamine, and jejunal IL-4 levels, and upregulated IFN-γ, effectively correcting the Th1/Th2 imbalance.In addition, FN029 promoted the restoration of intestinal tight junction proteins and significantly inhibited phosphorylation activation of AKT and NF-κB (P<0.05). Conclusions Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FN029 effectively alleviates food allergy symptoms in mice, and its underlying mechanisms may be related to inhibition of allergen-induced activation of the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways, restoration of the intestinal physical barrier, and modulation of Th1/Th2 immune balance.
Key words
food allergy /
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum /
β-lactoglobulin /
intestinal barrier /
AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
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