Objective To examine the association between gross motor development and body posture in children aged 3 - 6 years, in order to provide evidence for motor education and the correction of postural abnormalities. Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted from May to December 2023. Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 247 children aged 3 - 6 years were recruited from eastern, central, and western China. Gross motor development was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3), and static body posture was assessed using SIGAM-1 three-dimensional scoliosis scanner. Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square test, independent-samples t test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results The mean gross motor score was 45.61±15.42, including 25.90±8.29 for locomotor skills and 21.71±8.81 for object-control skills. The average score of body posture was 18.60±1.15, and a total of 958 children were identified as having at least one postural abnormality, with a detection rate of 76.8%. Gross motor scores were positively correlated with body posture scores (r=0.225, P<0.001), further analysis revealed that a greater number of postural abnormalities was associated with lower gross motor scores (F=16.611, P<0.001). The detection rate of poor body posture in girls (80.1%) was significantly higher than that in boys (73.9%) (χ2=6.714, P=0.010). Anterior pelvic tilt was associated with locomotor skill scores (t=11.545, P<0.001). Shoulder asymmetry (t=4.934), scoliosis (t=3.506), valgus knees (X-legs) (t=2.953), and varus knees (O-legs) (t=2.524) were associated with object-control skill scores (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that anterior pelvic tilt (β=-0.214), shoulder asymmetry (β=-0.106), scoliosis (β=-0.058), valgus knees (β=-0.061), varus knees (β=-0.069), and the number of poor postures (β=-0.202) were negative predictors of gross motor scores(P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of postural abnormalities among preschool children in China is high, and such abnormalities are clearly associated with poorer gross motor development. Greater attention to children's body posture and strengthened posture-related health education are warranted.
Key words
gross motor skills /
body posture /
children aged 3 - 6 years
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