Objective To develop the Obesity-Related Family Parenting Environment Assessment Scale for Preschool Children (ORFPEAS-PC) suitable for the Chinese context, and to evaluate its reliability, validity, and cross-gender measurement invariance, so as to provide a scientific assessment tool for parents and child healthcare professionals. Methods Based on the Obesity Parenting Intervention Scale (OPTION), the initial Chinese version was developed through translation and cross-cultural adaptation.After further item refinement, the ORFPEAS-PC was constructed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 677 preschool children and their primary caregivers from five districts in Shanghai between January to March 2025.Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability.Validity was evaluated through structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), convergent validity[average variance extracted(AVE); composite reliability(CR)], and discriminant validity.Cross-gender measurement invariance was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results After item screening using the critical ratio method and item-total correlation analysis, 21 items were retained.Exploratory factor analysis indicated a robust scale structure (KMO=0.804, Bartlett's test of sphericity:χ2=2 407.607, P<0.001), with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.68%.The six extracted dimensions (food rewards, high-calorie food accessibility, healthy food accessibility, physical activity, screen use, and sleep habits) all exhibited factor loadings >0.4.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a good model fit (χ2/df=2.250, RMSEA=0.061, IFI=0.912, CFI=0.911).Both convergent validity (AVE >0.36, CR >0.6) and discriminant validity (inter-factor correlations less than the square root of the corresponding AVE) met the standards.Cross-gender measurement invariance was established (ΔCFI<0.01、ΔTLI<0.01、ΔRMSEA≤0.015).The scale demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α=0.828, split-half reliability=0.728). Conclusion The ORFPEAS-PC exhibits good reliability, validity, and cross-gender measurement invariance, and can serve as an effective tool for assessing the obesity-related family parenting environment among preschool children in China.
Key words
preschool children /
obesity /
family environment /
scale /
reliability /
validity
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