Objective To develop a phonological awareness assessment scale suitable for Mandarin-speaking children aged 5-8 in China, and to examine its reliability and validity, so as to provide a scientific tool for the early clinical identification and intervention of children with reading difficulties. Methods The scale framework and items were constructed, followed by revisions through expert consultation, small-sample pilot testing, and preliminary predictive studies.Standardized audio recording processing and a playback program were also developed.Using a multi-stage sampling method, 298 children aged 5-8 were included to evaluate the scale′s reliability and validity. Results The final phonological awareness assessment scale consisted of 58 items across five dimensions.Reliability tests showed that the Cronbach′s α coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.728 to 0.890, and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.632 to 0.760.Content validity was ensured through dual strategies of expert consultation and small-sample pilot testing.In terms of validity, construct validity analysis indicated that scores across all dimensions of the phonological awareness scale increased with age (Z=3.036, H values: 82.958-127.472, P<0.05).Using the rapid automatized naming test as the criterion tool, scores in syllable, onset, rime, and tone awareness showed significant negative correlations with naming time (r values:-0.343 to -0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions The Children′s Phonological Awareness Assessment Scale is suitable for Mandarin-speaking children aged 5-8, demonstrating good reliability and validity.It provides a theoretical basis for the early identification and intervention of children with reading difficulties.
Key words
phonological awareness /
scale development /
reliability and validity /
children
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