Case-control study on the association between maternal factors during pregnancy and neonatal congenital heart disease in the Guangxi region

WEI Jishan; WEI Ping; HUANG Xuhua; ZHANG Yuxing; LIU Xianghong; MO Jingyuan; YU Qun

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0191

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12) : 1392-1396. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0191

Case-control study on the association between maternal factors during pregnancy and neonatal congenital heart disease in the Guangxi region

WEI Jishan¹, WEI Ping¹, HUANG Xuhua¹, ZHANG Yuxing¹, LIU Xianghong¹, MO Jingyuan², YU Qun²

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) and its association with maternal factors during pregnancy in the Guangxi region, so as to provide evidence for developing CHD prevention strategies. Methods A 1∶2 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 2 277 neonates diagnosed with CHD born in Guangxi maternity institutions in 2021 were selected as the case group, and 4 554 healthy neonates matched by gender and region served as the control group. Maternal antenatal and delivery information was collected for both groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for CHD. Results The most common type of CHD in the case group was patent ductus arteriosus (34.34%), followed by atrial septal defect (14.27%) and ventricular septal defect (11.73%). Birth weight (t=23.383) and length (t=27.121) in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal age at delivery ≥35 years (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.10 - 1.34), gestational age <37 weeks (OR=3.09, 95%CI: 2.43 - 3.92), neonatal birth weight <2 500g (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 2.12 - 3.51), pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 28kg/m² (OR=2.69, 95%CI: 1.92 - 3.34), no folic acid supplementation during pregnancy (OR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.96 - 2.55), history of adverse pregnancy (OR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.47 - 3.52), multiple pregnancy (OR=6.85, 95%CI: 4.49 - 10.47), and anemia during pregnancy (OR=3.63, 95%CI: 2.99 - 4.41) were independent risk factors for neonatal CHD(P<0.01). Conclusions Neonatal CHD in the Guangxi region is closely associated with various maternal factors during pregnancy. Enhanced perinatal monitoring and intervention for pregnant women of advanced age, those with multiple pregnancies, anemia, no folic acid supplementation, or a history of adverse pregnancy are crucial to reduce the risk of CHD.

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congenital heart disease / pregnancy / newborns / birth defect

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WEI Jishan, WEI Ping, HUANG Xuhua, ZHANG Yuxing, LIU Xianghong, MO Jingyuan, YU Qun. Case-control study on the association between maternal factors during pregnancy and neonatal congenital heart disease in the Guangxi region[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2025, 33(12): 1392-1396 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0191

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