Objective To describe the long-term trends (1985—2019) in growth, development, physical fitness, and key health indicators (obesity, myopia) among school-age children in Beijing. Methods Data were consolidated from eight National Student Physical Fitness Surveys conducted in Beijing (1985—2019), supplemented by data from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort (BCHC) and a Tongzhou District obesity study, for a comprehensive trend analysis. Results Between 1985 and 2019, both height and weight of children showed an increasing trend, but the growth rate of weight was significantly higher than that of height. The obesity problem has become increasingly prominent: from 1985 to 2022, the obesity rate among boys surged from 0.7% to 30.2%, while girls increased from 0.6% to 19.9%. Myopia rates generally rose, but in 2019 urban children aged 7 showed a decrease compared to 2014 (boys: 34% to 19.63%; girls: 34% to 16.17%). Changes in physical fitness were complex: rural children's lung capacity decreased between 2000—2010 but recovered significantly during 2010—2019; during the same period, rural children's 50 m race times shortened (indicating improved speed), whereas urban boys' times lengthened (indicating slower speed). For staminal running, both urban and rural boys and girls initially showed prolonged completion times, followed by subsequent reductions. Conclusions From 1985 to 2019, Beijing children's growth levels continuously improved, but this was paralleled by a rapid increase in obesity and myopia, indicating imbalanced physical development. After 2010, rural children demonstrated a more significant improvement in physical fitness, highlighting evolving urban-rural health disparities.
Key words
school-age children /
teenager /
obesity /
myopia /
physical growth
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