Objective To assess the early childhood development (ECD) level of preschool children in Chongqing,and to explore the influence of caregiving environments on ECD,so as to provide theoretical support and guidance for policy-making and early education practices. Methods In January 2024,preschool children were selectedacross various districts and counties in Chongqing.The survey included a general information questionnaire,the China Early Childhood Development Index,and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale for primary caregivers.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of caregiving environments on ECD. Results A total of 25 914 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall development score of preschool children in Chongqing was 0.781 ± 0.128,and the overall literacy and numeracy score was 0.745±0.203 in Chongqing.Scores in writing (0.481 ± 0.359),persistence (0.543 ± 0.278),and reading (0.661 ± 0.282) were below the survey average.Protective factors for developmental delays included education level of caregivers (high school/vocational school:OR=0.735,college or above OR=0.654) and annual household income (50 000 yuan:OR=0.854,100 000 yuan:OR=0.635,≥ 250 000 yuan: OR=0.473) (P < 0.05).Risk factors included father as main caregivers (OR=1.232),grandparents as main caregivers (OR=1.162),and screen exposure time (≥0.5h/d:OR=1.408,1.0h/d~:OR=2.042, ≥2.0h/d:OR=3.317) (P < 0.05).Compared to those with non-anxious caregivers,children with caregivers exhibiting mild,moderate,or severe anxiety had 1.801,2.571,and 2.219 times higher risks of developmental delays,respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions ECD levels in Chongqing are relatively high,but writing,persistence,and reading skills require further improvement.ECD is closely associated with nurturing care environment,highlighting the need for personalized interventions to foster supportive environments and promote comprehensive early childhood development.
Key words
early childhood development /
nurturing care environment /
child rearing /
preschool children
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