Objectives To analyze the correlation between cranial morphology and neuropsychological development in infants aged 4 - 12 months in Beijing, in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical prevention and intervention. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 407 infants aged 4 - 12 months who underwent routine health examinations at the Center of Child Healthcare, Capital Institute of Pediatrics between November 2021 and November 2023.All participants received cranial morphology measurements and neurodevelopmental assessments using the Children's Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale (2016 Edition).One-way ANOVA was used to compare developmental quotients (DQs) across five functional domains among different cranial morphology groups and varying cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) differences.Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the correlation between CVA and DQs. Results 1) Among the 1 407 infants, 1 004 (71.4%) had normal cranial morphology, while 182 (12.9%) had plagiocephaly, 149 (10.6%) had scaphocephaly, and 72 (5.1%) had brachycephaly.The highest detection rate of cranial abnormalities was in the 4- to 6-month group (31.0%,171/551), whereas the lowest was in the 10- to 12-month group (23.5%,89/378), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=6.73, P=0.035).2) Pairwise comparisons revealed that infants with plagiocephaly exhibited significantly lower DQs in gross motor and fine motor skills than those with normal cranial morphology (P<0.01).The scaphocephaly group showed lower gross motor DQs (P<0.01), while the brachycephaly group demonstrated significantly lower DQs in gross motor, fine motor, and adaptive abilities (P<0.05).Infants with CVA >10mm had significantly lower DQs in gross motor, fine motor, adaptive, language, and social behavior domains compared to those with CVA ≤10mm (t=13.74, 17.84, 14.90, 8.78, 17.07, P<0.01).3) Linear regression analysis indicated that gross motor, fine motor, and adaptive DQs were negatively correlated with CVA (β=-0.32, -0.48, -0.44, P<0.05). Conclusions Infants with abnormal cranial morphology exhibit delayed motor development compared to their normal counterparts.Gross motor, fine motor, and adaptive DQs are negatively correlated with CVA.Infants with CVA >10mm require comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment and early intervention.
Key words
cranial morphological /
deformational plagiocephaly /
cranial vault asymmetry /
developmental quotient /
infants
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