Death trends of congenital heart disease in children under 5 years old in China from 2008 to 2021

LI Changlan; YANG Junli; LIU Ling; LI Xiaoyi; CHANG Yue

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1168

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12) : 1386-1391. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1168

Clinical Research

Death trends of congenital heart disease in children under 5 years old in China from 2008 to 2021

LI Changlan¹, YANG Junli², LIU Ling¹, LI Xiaoyi², CHANG Yue²

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Abstract

Objective To examine the mortality trends of congenital heart disease (CHD) among children under 5 years old in China from 2008 to 2021, in order to provide critical evidence for developing health policies to reduce CHD mortality. Methods Data were collected from China′s cause of death monitoring system spanning the years 2008 to 2021.The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of congenital heart disease mortality rates among children under 5 years old were assessed using JoinPoint regression analysis. Results From 2008 to 2021, both infants (<1 year: AAPC=-8.65, P<0.001) and children (1-<5 years: AAPC=-9.01, P<0.001) showed significant declining trends in CHD mortality, though infant mortality remained substantially higher.Male infants exhibited greater mortality reduction (AAPC=-9.11, P<0.001) than females (AAPC=-7.91, P<0.001), yet maintained higher absolute rates.Urban areas demonstrated steeper declines in infant mortality (AAPC=-10.69, P<0.001) compared to rural areas (AAPC=-7.69, P<0.001), with rural rates surpassing urban after 2018.Western China showed slower mortality reduction in children aged 1-<5 years (AAPC=-6.02, P<0.001) compared with eastern (AAPC=-11.42, P<0.001) and central regions (AAPC=-8.71, P<0.001). Conclusions While CHD mortality among childrenunder 5 years has significantly declined since 2008, rates remain concerningly high, particularly for infants.These findings underscore the need for enhanced nationwide CHD prevention and early screening programs to further reduce disease burden and mortality.

Key words

congenital heart disease / children under 5 years of age / mortality rate / JoinPoint regression

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LI Changlan, YANG Junli, LIU Ling, LI Xiaoyi, CHANG Yue. Death trends of congenital heart disease in children under 5 years old in China from 2008 to 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2025, 33(12): 1386-1391 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1168

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