Objective To analyze the latent classes of family nurturing environments among urban preschool children and their association with child neglect, in order to provide evidence for targeted interventions to prevent child neglect. Methods From July to December 2023, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to select 425 parents of urban preschool children in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese Urban Neglect Scale for 3 - 6-year-old children, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Preschool Parents′ Rearing Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to classify family rearing environments. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors, and mixed-effects regression models were employed to analyze the association between different rearing environment classes and child neglect. Results The family rearing environments of urban preschool children were categorized into three latent classes: low stress - high resilience (47.8%), moderate stress - moderate resilience (46.3%), and high stress - low resilience (5.9%). Significant differences in child neglect severity were observed across these classes (χ2＝207.694, P<0.001).Compared to the low stress - high resilience group, families with less father-child interaction time were more likely to fall into the moderate stress - moderate resilience group (OR＝0.745, 95%CI: 0.635 - 0.874, P<0.001), while those with less mother-child interaction time were more likely to belong to the high stress - low resilience group(OR＝0.707, 95%CI: 0.510 - 0.981,P<0.05) and lower maternal education levels were less likely to belong to the high stress - low resilience group(OR＝0.345, 95%CI: 0.121 - 0.984,P<0.05). Conclusions Family nurturing environments of urban preschool children can be classified into three distinct categories, with varying degrees of child neglect. Community healthcare providers should develop tailored interventions to enhance parent-child interaction time and improve nurturing environments, thereby reducing the risk of child neglect.
Key words
child neglect /
family nurturing environment /
latent profile analysis /
preschool children
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